Lane’s Lexicon is a comprehensive 19th-century Arabic-English dictionary. It provides in-depth meanings of classical Arabic words and is widely used for Islamic and Middle Eastern studies. It’s available online for free.

Aratools is an Arabic-English dictionary and morphological analyzer, making it easier to understand the structure of Arabic words. It is free and accessible online, providing translations and definitions of both classical and modern Arabic words.

Babylon provides free access to dictionaries in various Middle Eastern languages, including Arabic, Persian, Hebrew, Turkish, and Kurdish. It offers translations, meanings, and usage examples for multiple languages in the region.

The Academy of the Hebrew Language offers free access to etymological resources and dictionaries of Hebrew, tracing the development of Hebrew words through history.

Farhangsara offers a collection of Persian dictionaries online, including Persian-English, Persian-French, and Persian-Persian dictionaries. It’s freely accessible and valuable for those studying the Persian language and culture.

Glosbe offers a wide range of dictionaries for Middle Eastern languages, including Arabic, Hebrew, Turkish, Kurdish, and Persian. It is community-driven and provides free translations, phrases, and contextual usage.

LexicOrient is a free online encyclopedia and dictionary focused on the Middle East and North Africa. It provides entries on historical, cultural, and geographical topics specific to the region.

This is one of the most comprehensive Persian-Persian dictionaries, widely used for understanding classical and modern Persian texts. The online version is available for free.

Morfix provides a free Hebrew-English dictionary, offering translations and definitions. It is particularly useful for Modern Hebrew learners and scholars interested in the Middle East.

Sakhr offers an Arabic-English dictionary that focuses on modern Arabic, providing translations, definitions, and example sentences. The platform is freely accessible.

The Free Dictionary provides an Arabic-English translation tool, alongside other language pairs. It offers free access to definitions, grammar resources, and pronunciation guides.

TDK provides a free, official Turkish dictionary. It covers definitions, usage examples, and the history of Turkish words, making it a key resource for Turkish language learners.

WordReference offers a freely accessible Arabic-English dictionary, which includes translations, synonyms, and usage examples. It's widely used for both classical and modern Arabic.

Al-Islam.org offers free access to a comprehensive collection of resources on Islamic history, theology, and culture, with a focus on Shia Islam. It includes detailed entries and scholarly articles related to the Middle East.

Al Maqal offers Open Access resources and articles covering Arab history, intellectual movements, literature, and culture. It is an Arabic-language platform that focuses on critical issues in the Arab world.

While Britannica offers a paid subscription, a significant portion of its content is freely available. It provides articles on Middle Eastern history, politics, geography, and culture, offering reliable and accurate information.

This is a comprehensive research tool dedicated to the history, culture, and civilization of Iran and the Persianate world. It provides scholarly articles on a wide range of subjects, from ancient history to modern times, and is freely accessible.

Though much of the Encyclopaedia of Islam requires a subscription, many universities and institutions offer access to its content for free. Some articles are open to the public, covering topics related to Islamic history, culture, law, and more.

This online resource offers free access to articles on Middle Eastern and North African countries, providing historical, cultural, and political context. It’s an Open Access source for both casual readers and researchers.

This is a comprehensive reference work on the Arabic language, including its history, structure, dialects, and use across the Middle East. Though not fully Open Access, many academic institutions provide free access to its entries.

This Open Access encyclopedia provides detailed scholarly articles on ancient Egyptian history, art, culture, and archaeology, making it an essential resource for anyone interested in Egyptology and the broader Middle East.

The Jewish Virtual Library offers free access to articles on Jewish history, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, and Middle Eastern politics. It’s a valuable resource for understanding the role of Judaism and Israel in the Middle East.

This encyclopedia explores the contributions of Islamic civilization to science, technology, and culture. It offers Open Access articles on topics like the history of science in the Middle East, scholars, and inventions that have shaped the modern world.

This platform offers free access to some articles on Islamic history, theology, and law. While not fully Open Access, it provides free entries on major topics related to the Middle East.

SEP provides Open Access, peer-reviewed entries on a wide range of philosophical topics, including Islamic philosophy and scholars from the Middle East. It's an invaluable resource for understanding Middle Eastern contributions to global philosophy.

While primarily focused on economics, the Palgrave Dictionary includes entries related to Middle Eastern economic development, oil economies, and regional economic policies. Some entries are freely available.

This is an online collection of resources related to Zoroastrianism, one of the ancient religions of the Middle East. It includes texts, translations, and commentaries on Zoroastrian literature and history.

Wikipedia offers free, user-generated content on virtually every subject, including comprehensive articles on Middle Eastern history, culture, languages, and geopolitics. While it’s not an academic source, it is widely used for general knowledge.

This free thesaurus offers synonyms and antonyms, which is useful for writing and research.

Provides a large collection of synonyms and antonyms for academic writing and better articulation in policy research.